Glossary
The terms a student meets, in Portuguese, English and Italian, each tied to the concept it names. Terminology is a real obstacle: the same thing has three names depending on the book, and here all three lead to the same place.
A
- Absolute and relative pitch · perfect pitch, absolute pitch, relative pitch
Recognising and naming a sound with no reference at all, or recognising the distance between two sounds.
pt Ouvido absoluto e relativo, ouvido absoluto, ouvido relativo, altura absoluta, altura relativa
- Accidentals
The five signs that raise or lower a note without changing its name, and how far each one reaches.
pt Acidentes
- Acoustics · vibration, sound wave, frequency, amplitude, hertz, tuning fork
Vibration, sound wave, frequency and amplitude, and which property of sound each one governs.
pt Acústica, vibração, onda sonora, frequência, amplitude, hertz, diapasão
- Altered chords · altered chord, altered triad, altered seventh chord, diminished third
Chords built by raising or lowering a diatonic note, always leaving a diminished third inside.
pt Acordes alterados, acorde alterado, acorde de quinta alterado, acorde de sétima alterado, terça diminuta
- Altered dominants · altered dominant, flat nine, sharp nine, altered scale
The dominant chord with its extensions altered, raising the tension without changing the function.
pt Dominantes alterados, dominante alterado, b9, #9, alterado, escala alteradait dominante alterata
- Anacrusis · pickup, upbeat, anacrustic, thetic, acephalous, masculine ending, feminine ending
Music that begins before the first strong beat, and what the last measure owes it.
pt Anacruse, prótese, ritmo anacrústico, ritmo tético, ritmo acéfalo, terminação masculina, terminação feminina
- Articulation
Legato, non legato, staccato and portato: how joined or detached one note is from the next.
pt Articulação
- Atonality and polytonality · atonal music, bitonality, Petrushka chord, emancipation of dissonance, pantonality
Refusing a single centre, or holding more than one at the same time.
pt Atonalidade e politonalidade, atonalismo, música atonal, bitonalidade, politonalismo, acorde de Petrushka, emancipação da dissonância
- Authentic and plagal modes · authentic mode, plagal mode, hypodorian, hypophrygian, hypolydian, hypomixolydian, recitation tone, final
The same final reached from a different range, which is the only thing that separates the two forms.
pt Modos autênticos e plagais, modo autêntico, modo plagal, hipodórico, hipofrígio, hipolídio, hipomixolídio, nota de recitação, finalit modo autentico, modo plagale, ipodorico, ipofrigio, ipolidio, ipomisolidio
B
- Beating time · conducting pattern, beat pattern, downbeat gesture
Showing the beats of a measure with the hand: the patterns, their subdivisions, and when to join beats.
pt Marcação de compasso, marcar o compasso, gesto de regência, tempo de baixo, tempo de cima
- Binary and ternary form · binary form, ternary form, rounded binary, minuet and trio, bar form, open form, closed form, through-composed
The two-part and three-part shapes, and the rounded binary between them.
pt Formas binária e ternária, forma binária, forma ternária, binária arredondada, minueto e trio, forma bar, forma aberta, forma fechada
- Blues scale · blue note, flat five
The minor pentatonic with one extra note, and what that note does that no other note does.
pt Escala de blues, blue note, quinta bemolit scala blues, blue note
- Bossa nova harmony · bossa nova, bossa harmony
Extensions as the default, frequent modal borrowing, and voice leading that hardly ever leaps.
pt Harmonia da bossa nova, bossa nova, harmonia de bossa, João Gilberto, Tom Jobim
- Brazilian rhythms · samba, baiao, maracatu, frevo, xote, groove
Samba, baiao, maracatu, frevo and xote read by what tells them apart: where the accent falls and how the pulse divides.
pt Ritmos brasileiros, samba, baião, maracatu, frevo, xote, levada, partido alto
- Building intervals
Lacerda's method: reduce to the natural interval, compare, then apply the alterations.
pt Formação de intervalos
C
- Cadences · cadence, authentic cadence, plagal cadence, deceptive cadence, half cadence
The formulas that close a phrase, and the degree of finality each one delivers.
pt Cadências, cadência, cadência autêntica, cadência plagal, cadência de engano, meia cadênciait cadenza, cadenza perfetta, cadenza plagale, cadenza d'inganno, semicadenza
- Choir and vocal ensembles · choir, chorus, mixed choir, a cappella, soloist, vocal quartet
Mixed, female, male and children's choirs, a cappella singing, and the soloist.
pt Coro e conjuntos vocais, coro, coro misto, a cappella, solista, quarteto vocal
- Chord · chords, model chord, quartal chord
Three or more different sounds at once, and the difference between the model and its many positions.
pt Acorde, acordes, acorde modelo, acorde de quinta, acorde de quartas
- Chord inversions · inversion, inverted chord, slash chord, first inversion
The same notes over a different bass: the same identity with a different weight and a different voice leading.
pt Inversões de acorde, inversão, acorde invertido, baixo invertido, cifra com barrait rivolto, rivolti
- Chord origin and affinity · chord affinity, related chords, chord origin, enharmonic chords, incomplete dominant
Where chords come from in the harmonic series, and how many notes two of them share.
pt Origem e afinidade dos acordes, afinidade dos acordes, acordes afins, origem dos acordes, acordes enarmônicos, dominante incompleta
- Chord quality recognition · chord recognition, chord quality, harmonic ear training
Hearing a chord's quality without counting its notes: major, minor, diminished, augmented.
pt Reconhecimento de acordes, reconhecer acorde, qualidade de acorde, percepção harmônica
- Chord symbols · chord symbol
The notation that names a chord by its root and quality, and how to read its extensions and alterations.
pt Cifras, cifra, cifragem, acorde com barrait sigla, siglatura degli accordi
- Choro harmony · choro
Chained dominants, passing diminished chords and modulation between sections: functional harmony taken to its limit.
pt Harmonia do choro, choro, chorinho, Pixinguinha
- Chromatic chords · Neapolitan sixth, Phrygian second, Italian sixth, French sixth, German sixth, secondary leading-tone chord, augmented sixth chord
The Neapolitan sixth and the augmented sixths, and where each one resolves.
pt Acordes cromáticos, sexta napolitana, segunda frígia, sexta italiana, sexta francesa, sexta alemã, acorde de sensível secundário, tríade aumentada de passagem
- Chromatic scale · chromatic, classical chromatic scale, chromatic notes, diatonic notes
Twelve consecutive semitones, and why it gives rise to no key of its own.
pt Escala cromática, escala cromática clássica, escala cromática atual, notas cromáticas, notas diatônicas
- Church modes · dorian, phrygian, lydian, mixolydian, aeolian, locrian, ecclesiastical modes, medieval modes, characteristic interval
Dorian to Locrian: the modes of medieval liturgy, which survived in folk music after art music left them.
pt Modos litúrgicos, dórico, frígio, lídio, mixolídio, eólio, jônio, lócrio, modos eclesiásticos, modos gregorianos, intervalo característicoit modo dorico, modo frigio, modo lidio, modo misolidio, modo eolio, modo locrio
- Circle of fifths · cycle of fifths, circle of fourths
The twelve keys arranged by fifths, which explains the order of the accidentals and how keys are related.
pt Ciclo de quintas, círculo das quintas, ciclo das quartasit circolo delle quinte
- Clef
The sign that gives one line its name, and through it every other line and space.
pt Clave
- Consonance and dissonance
Intervals that rest and intervals that move, and the perfect, mixed and imperfect consonances between them.
pt Consonância e dissonância
- Counterpoint · contrapuntal, countermelody, note against note
Writing two or more simultaneous melodies, each one worth hearing on its own.
pt Contraponto, contrapontístico, contracanto, nota contra nota
D
- Diatonic harmony · harmonic field, scale degree chords
The chords that arise from stacking thirds on each degree of a scale, and why each quality lands where it does.
pt Campo harmônico, harmonia diatônica, acordes da tonalidadeit campo armonico, armonia diatonica
- Diminished chords · diminished, dim7, fully diminished, passing diminished
Minor thirds stacked until the chord is symmetrical, and has no definite root.
pt Acordes diminutos, diminuto, dim, acorde diminuto, passagem diminutait accordo diminuito, settima diminuita, semidiminuito
- Dynamics
The art of grading loudness in performance, from ppp to fff and the changes between them.
pt Dinâmica
E
- Enharmonic equivalence · enharmonic, enharmonics, same pitch different name
Two spellings for one sound, and why choosing between them is never arbitrary.
pt Equivalência enarmônica, enarmonia, enarmônico, mesma nota outro nomeit enarmonia, equivalenza enarmonica
- Exotic scales · gypsy scale, hungarian minor, double harmonic scale, neapolitan minor, hexatonic scale, whole-tone scale
Gypsy, hexatonic and whole-tone: scales that folk music and the twentieth century kept using.
pt Escalas exóticas, escala cigana, escala cigana maior, escala napolitana, escala hexafônica, escala de tons inteiros
- Extended chords · extension, ninth, eleventh, thirteenth, tensions
Ninth, eleventh and thirteenth: the stack of thirds carried on above the seventh.
pt Extensões, extensão, nona, décima primeira, décima terceira, tensõesit estensioni, nona, undicesima, tredicesima
- Extending note values
The four ways to make a value longer: the dot, the double dot, the tie and the fermata.
pt Prolongamento do valor
F
- Figured bass · thoroughbass, basso continuo
Numbers under the bass line indicating the intervals to be played above it.
pt Baixo cifrado, baixo contínuo, continuo
- Four-part writing · chorale, SATB, part writing
Harmony distributed across soprano, alto, tenor and bass, with the rules that keep the voices audible.
pt Escrita a quatro vozes, quatro vozes, coral, SATB, harmonização a quatro
- Fretboard geography · fretboard, fingerboard, frets, standard tuning, barre
A six-string chromatic ruler, where the same note appears in several places and every shape transposes.
pt O braço do violão, braço, escala do violão, casas, trastes, afinação padrão, pestanait tastiera della chitarra
- Fugue · subject, tonal answer, countersubject, stretto, double fugue, ricercar
Subject, answer and countersubject, and the exposition, episodes and stretto built from them.
pt Fuga, sujeito, resposta tonal, contrassujeito, stretto, fuga dupla, ricercare
- Functional ear training · hearing degrees, playing by ear
Hearing which degree a chord occupies in the key, not only what quality it has.
pt Percepção funcional, ouvir graus, tirar de ouvido
H
- Harmonic and melodic major · harmonic major scale, melodic major scale, Hauptmann's scale
The major scale with a lowered sixth, or with lowered sixth and seventh on the way down: the mirror of the minor forms.
pt Escala maior harmônica e melódica, escala maior harmônica, escala maior melódica, maior mista principal, escala de Hauptmann
- Harmonic function · subdominant, dominant, tonal function
The role each degree plays — tonic, subdominant, or dominant — and the tension that moves one to the next.
pt Função harmônica, subdominante, dominante, funções tonaisit funzione armonica, tonica, sottodominante, dominante
- Harmonic progression · chord progression, progressions, Picardy third, twelve-bar blues, circle-of-fifths progression
How one chord follows another, and which successions carry a piece forward.
pt Progressão harmônica, progressão de acordes, progressões, terça de Picardia, blues de doze compassos, progressão pelo círculo das quintas
- Harmonic rhythm · chord change rate
How fast the harmony changes, which is a decision independent of how fast the music goes.
pt Ritmo harmônico, velocidade da harmoniait ritmo armonico
- Harmonic series · overtone series, harmonics, overtones, partials
The sounds that accompany every fundamental, and why timbre and chord origin both rest on them.
pt Série harmônica, sons harmônicos, harmônicos, som fundamental, parciais, série harmônica descendente
I
- Imitation and canon · imitation, canon, round, dux, comes, mirror canon, crab canon, invertible counterpoint, invention
One voice repeating another at a distance in time, from the round to the crab canon.
pt Imitação e cânone, imitação, cânone, dux, comes, cânone em espelho, cânone caranguejo, contraponto invertível, invenção
- Instrument families · string instruments, wind instruments, percussion instruments, woodwinds, brass, section
Strings, winds and percussion, classified by how the sound is produced rather than by material.
pt Classificação dos instrumentos, instrumentos de corda, instrumentos de sopro, instrumentos de percussão, madeiras, metais, naipe
- Instrumental ensembles · chamber group, chamber music, chamber orchestra, symphony orchestra, philharmonic orchestra, wind band, string quartet, conductor, concertmaster
From the duo to the symphony orchestra, and the band beside them.
pt Conjuntos instrumentais, conjunto de câmara, música de câmara, orquestra de câmara, orquestra sinfônica, orquestra filarmônica, banda, quarteto de cordas, regente, spalla
- Interval · intervals
The distance between two sounds, counted by note names, melodic or harmonic, simple or compound.
pt Intervalo, intervalosit intervallo, intervalli
- Interval inversion
Swapping the two notes: why the numbers sum to nine and how the quality turns over.
pt Inversão de intervalos
- Interval quality · third, fifth, major interval, minor interval, perfect interval
Perfect, major, minor, augmented and diminished: what separates two intervals that share a number.
pt Qualificação dos intervalos, terça, quinta, intervalo maior, intervalo menor, intervalo justoit terza, quinta
- Interval recognition · ear training, aural skills
Identifying by ear the distance between two notes, the skill everything else in aural training rests on.
pt Reconhecimento de intervalos, percepção, ouvido, reconhecer intervalo, treinamento auditivo
- Irregular and changing meters · irregular meter, odd meter, asymmetric meter, five-four, seven-eight, changing meter
Meters of five or seven beats, heard as groups of twos and threes, and meters that change from bar to bar.
pt Compassos irregulares e alternados, compasso quinário, compasso setenário, compasso alternado, compasso composto irregular, mudança de compasso
K
- Key signatures · key signature, key
The fixed accidentals at the start of the staff, their invariable order, and the circle of fifths that organizes them.
pt Armaduras de clave, armadura, armaduras, tonalidadeit armatura di chiave, tonalità
L
- Large forms · sonata form, theme and variations, French overture, ground bass, passacaglia, chaconne, exposition, recapitulation, sonata rondo
Rondo, sonata form, theme and variations: the shapes built by combining the smaller ones.
pt Formas grandes, forma sonata, tema com variações, abertura francesa, baixo ostinato, passacaglia, chacona, exposição, reexposição, rondó-sonata
M
- Major scale · ionian
Seven degrees built on a fixed sequence of tones and semitones, and the reference everything else is measured against.
pt Escala maior, modo jônio, graus da escalait scala maggiore, modo ionico
- Melodic manipulation · retrograde, melodic inversion, tonal inversion, real inversion, augmentation, diminution, melodic sequence, planing
Inversion, retrograde, augmentation and diminution: the same idea made to serve again.
pt Manipulação melódica, retrógrado, inversão melódica, inversão tonal, inversão real, aumentação, diminuição, sequência melódica, planing
- Melody · melodies, melodic line, conjunct motion, disjunct motion, tonal goal
A succession of sounds of different pitch and value that follows a musical logic.
pt Melodia, melodias, linha melódica, graus conjuntos, graus disjuntos, objetivo tonal
- Metric accent
Why the first beat is strong, and how the strength runs down through the parts of each beat.
pt Acentuação métrica
- Minor key harmony · minor harmony, minor key, minor diatonic field
The minor harmonic field, which is not one field: the three minor scales produce different chords on the same degree.
pt Harmonia em tom menor, campo harmônico menor, harmonia menor, tom menorit armonia in tonalità minore, campo armonico minore
- Minor scales · minor scale, natural minor, harmonic minor, melodic minor
The three forms of the minor scale — natural, harmonic, and melodic — and what each alteration solves.
pt Escalas menores, escala menor, menor natural, menor harmônica, menor melódicait scala minore, minore naturale, minore armonica, minore melodica
- Modal interchange · modal mixture, borrowed chord
Chords taken from the parallel key, changing a degree's colour without changing the centre.
pt Empréstimo modal, intercâmbio modal, acorde emprestado, tonalidade paralelait interscambio modale, accordi presi in prestito
- Modal transposition · transposed modes, transposing a mode, transposed mode
Starting a mode on any note while keeping the interval that makes it that mode.
pt Transposição dos modos, modos transpostos, transportar um modo, modo transposto
- Mode · modes, major mode, minor mode, modal degrees
How the tones and semitones are distributed among the degrees, which is what makes one scale differ from another.
pt Modo, modos, modo maior, modo menor, graus modaisit modo, modi, modo maggiore, modo minore
- Modern notation · contemporary notation, microtone, quarter tone, tone cluster, graphic score
Microtones, clusters, indeterminate pitch and duration in seconds.
pt Notação moderna, notação contemporânea, microtom, quarto de tom, cluster, bloco sonoro, partitura gráfica
- Modulation · key change, change of key
A change of tonal centre confirmed by a cadence, not merely a chord from outside passing through.
pt Modulação, mudança de tom, mudança de tonalidadeit modulazione
- Motive and theme · motive, motif, inciso, theme, rhythmic motive
The short, recognisable cell a piece keeps returning to, and the larger theme built out of it.
pt Motivo e tema, motivo, inciso, tema, célula, motivo rítmico
- Musical form · form, structure, AABA, verse and chorus, rondo
How sections are arranged and repeated: the level at which music is heard as a whole.
pt Forma musical, forma, estrutura, AABA, verso e refrão, rondóit forma musicale, forma canzone
N
- Non-chord tones · passing tone, neighbour tone, appoggiatura, suspension, non-harmonic tone
The melody notes that do not belong to the chord, classified by how they arrive and how they leave.
pt Notas estranhas ao acorde, nota de passagem, bordadura, apojatura, retardo, nota estranhait note estranee all'accordo, nota di passaggio, nota di volta, appoggiatura, ritardo, anticipazione
- Note
The seven pitch names, and the sign that puts one of them on the page.
pt Nota
- Note values and rests
The figures that say how long a sound lasts, and the rests that say the same about silence.
pt Figura e pausa
O
- Octave designation · octave numbering, scientific pitch notation, middle C, Helmholtz notation, MIDI note number
How to name one particular C among the eight the ear can classify.
pt Registro e numeração das oitavas, numeração das oitavas, índice de oitava, dó central, escala geral, notação científica
- Ornaments · mordent, turn, trill, acciaccatura, grace note, glissando, portamento, flourish
Appoggiatura, mordent, trill, turn and the rest: notes added to a real note, taking their time from it.
pt Ornamentos, mordente, grupeto, trinado, trilo, acicatura, glissando, portamento, floreio, nota real
P
- Pedal point · pedal tone, drone
One held note while the harmony moves above it, creating dissonance without losing the centre.
pt Pedal, baixo pedal, nota pedal
- Pentatonic scales · pentatonic, major pentatonic, minor pentatonic
Five notes instead of seven, chosen so that no combination can sound wrong.
pt Escalas pentatônicas, pentatônica, pentatônica maior, pentatônica menor, cinco notasit scala pentatonica, pentatonica
- Phrase and period · phrase, semiphrase, period, antecedent, consequent, call and response, truncated phrase, elision, phrasing
The unit of melodic sense that ends in a cadence, and the antecedent and consequent that pair them.
pt Frase e período, frase, semifrase, período, antecedente, consequente, pergunta e resposta, frase truncada, elisão, frasear
- Pivot chord modulation · pivot chord, common chord modulation
One chord read in two keys at once, serving as a hinge between them.
pt Modulação por acorde pivô, acorde pivô, modulação por pivô, acorde comum
- Polyrhythm and polymeter · polyrhythm, polymeter, cross-rhythm, hemiola
Different rhythms, or different meters, sounding at once, with their downbeats meeting again from time to time.
pt Polirritmia e polimetria, polirritmia, polimetria, compassos mistos, hemíola, monorritmia
- Properties of sound
The four properties every musical sound has at once: duration, intensity, pitch and timbre.
pt Propriedades do som
R
- Range · ambitus, compass, vocal range
The notes a voice, an instrument or a melody actually covers, from the lowest to the highest.
pt Tessitura, âmbito, extensão vocalit estensione, tessitura
- Relative and parallel keys · relative minor, relative major, parallel key, parallel minor
Two different ways of relating major and minor: by signature or by tonic.
pt Tons relativos e homônimos, relativa menor, relativo maior, homônima, tom paraleloit tonalità relativa, relativo minore, tonalità parallela, omonima
- Rhythm
The way values succeed one another, which is neither the measure nor the tempo.
pt Ritmo
- Rhythmic engraving · rhythmic notation rules, beaming, rest placement, notation rules, music calligraphy
How notes and rests are distributed inside a measure so the beat can be seen rather than counted.
pt Regras de grafia rítmica, grafia rítmica, regras de grafia, distribuição das pausas, união das bandeirolas, caligrafia musical
- Roman numeral analysis · harmonic analysis
The notation that describes a chord by the position it occupies in the key rather than by the note it sits on.
pt Análise por graus, análise harmônica, algarismos romanos, cifra analíticait analisi con numeri romani
S
- Scale · scales, diatonic scale, heptatonic scale, ascending scale, descending scale
A series of successive notes separated by tones and semitones, ascending or descending.
pt Escala, escalas, escala diatônica, escala heptatônica, escala ascendente, escala descendente
- Scale degrees · degree, scale degree, tonic, leading tone, mediant
The seven places in a scale, each with a name that describes what it does.
pt Graus da escala, grau, graus, tônica, sensível, medianteit gradi della scala, sopratonica, mediante, sopradominante, sensibile
- Secondary dominants · secondary dominant, tonicization, applied dominant
Chords from outside the key that act as the dominant of some degree other than the first.
pt Dominantes secundárias, dominante secundária, tonicização, dominante individualit dominante secondaria, dominanti secondarie
- Seventh chords · seventh chord, dominant seventh, half-diminished
The fourth note stacked on the triad, and the five qualities the repertoire actually uses.
pt Tétrades, tétrade, acorde de sétima, sétima da dominante, meio diminutoit accordo di settima, quadriade
- Simple and compound meter
Whether the beat is an undotted value that divides in two, or a dotted one that divides in three.
pt Compasso simples e composto
- Sixth chords · sixth chord, add sixth, six nine
A sixth added to the triad, which sounds like rest where a major seventh would sound like colour.
pt Acordes com sexta, sexta, acorde com sexta, seis noveit accordo di sesta
- Species counterpoint · species, cantus firmus
The classical method for writing two or more independent lines, one restriction at a time.
pt Contraponto por espécies, espécies, Fux, cantus firmus
- Suspended chords · sus4, sus2, suspended chord
The third replaced by the fourth or the second, which leaves the chord neither major nor minor.
pt Acordes suspensos, sus4, sus2, acorde suspenso, suspensãoit accordo sospeso, sus4, sus2
- Symmetric scales · symmetric scale, octatonic scale, diminished scale, modes of limited transposition, Messiaen modes
Scales made of one interval pattern repeated, from equal divisions of the octave to Messiaen's modes.
pt Escalas simétricas, escala simétrica, escala octatônica, escala diminuta, modos de transposição limitada, modos de Messiaen
- Syncopation · syncopated, offbeat, displaced accent
The accent moved to where the pulse is not, which is the rhythmic engine of nearly all Brazilian popular music.
pt Síncope, sincopado, contratempo, acento deslocadoit sincope
T
- Tempo · bpm, adagio, allegro, metronome
The speed of the pulse, written in Italian words or in beats per minute.
pt Andamento, tempo, bpm, adagio, allegro, metrônomoit tempo, andamento, metronomo
- Text setting · prosody, musical prosody, word stress, melisma, syllabic setting, poetic feet, iamb, trochee
Making the stressed syllables of the words fall on the strong beats when a text is set to a melody.
pt Prosódia musical, prosódia, acento tônico, melisma, canto silábico, canto melismático, pés poéticos, iambo, troqueu
- Texture · monophony, homophony, polyphony, heterophony, homorhythm, melody and accompaniment, cacophony
Monophony, homophony and polyphony: how many independent lines are sounding and how they relate.
pt Textura, monofonia, homofonia, polifonia, heterofonia, homorritmia, melodia acompanhada, cacofonia
- The II-V-I · two five one, II-V-I, 2-5-1
Preparation, tension and rest in three chords: the most frequent sequence in popular music.
pt II-V-I, dois cinco um, 2-5-1, cadência jazzísticait II-V-I
- The measure
Music divided into small parts of equal or variable duration, separated by barlines.
pt Compasso
- The score · full score, orchestral score, part, reduction, piano reduction, score order
Every part of a work stacked so they can be read at once, and the part extracted from it.
pt Partitura, partituras, grade, parte, redução, redução para piano
- The staff
Five lines and four spaces, numbered upward, where the height of a sign means the height of a sound.
pt Pentagrama
- Time signature
Two numbers that name the beat unit and how many of them fill a measure.
pt Fórmula de compasso
- Tonality · main key, tonal music, tonal centre, tonal center, tonal degrees
The set of functions the degrees and their chords hold in relation to one centre.
pt Tonalidade, tonalidade principal, música tonal, centro tonal, graus tonais
- Tone and semitone
The smallest distance Western music uses, and the whole tone built from two of them.
pt Tom e semitom
- Transposing instruments · transposing instrument, concert pitch, sounding pitch, written pitch, clarinet in B flat, horn in F
Why a written C sounds like the instrument's name, and how to get from one to the other.
pt Instrumentos transpositores, instrumento transpositor, som real, som de efeito, nota escrita, clarineta em si bemol, trompa em fá
- Transposition · transpose, change key
Moving the whole piece by a fixed interval, preserving every internal relationship and every spelling.
pt Transposição, transpor, mudar de tomit trasposizione, trasporto
- Transposition by clef substitution · read transposition, written transposition, clef transposition, transposing by clefs
Reading the same page in another clef, which is how transposition is done at sight.
pt Transposição com mudança de clave, transposição lida, transposição escrita, transposição por clave, transporte com mudança de clave
- Triads · triad, major chord, minor chord, diminished chord, augmented chord
Three-note chords stacked in thirds, and the four qualities that result.
pt Tríades, tríade, acorde maior, acorde menor, acorde aumentadoit triade, accordo maggiore, accordo minore
- Tritone · augmented fourth, diminished fifth
Three whole tones, the interval that splits the octave in half and refuses to stand still.
pt Trítono, quarta aumentada, quinta diminuta, diabolus in musicait tritono, quarta eccedente, quinta diminuita
- Tritone substitution · sub V, substitute dominant
Replacing a dominant with the one a tritone away, which shares its inner tritone.
pt Substituição por trítono, sub V, dominante substitutait sostituzione di tritono
- Tuning and temperament · tuning, temperament, equal temperament, Pythagorean comma, cents, meantone, well temperament
Why a keyboard cannot be in tune everywhere, and what each tuning system gives up.
pt Afinação e temperamento, afinação, temperamento, temperamento igual, sistema temperado, coma pitagórica, cents, mesotônico
- Tuplets · tuplet, triplet, quintuplet, sextuplet, septuplet, duplet, quadruplet
Groups of notes that disobey the normal division of the beat.
pt Quiálteras, quiáltera, tercina, três-quiálteras, contra-ritmo
- Turnaround · turnback
The short sequence that closes a section and hands the music back to its start.
pt Turnaround, volta, condução de voltait turnaround
V
- Voice leading · contrary motion, common tones
How each voice moves from one chord to the next, and why the smallest motion is usually the best one.
pt Condução de vozes, encadeamento, movimento contrário, notas comunsit condotta delle parti, condotta delle voci
- Voice motion · similar motion, parallel motion, oblique motion, parallel fifths, parallel octaves, hidden fifths, horn fifths
Direct, parallel, oblique and contrary motion, and the fifths and octaves they are not allowed to reach.
pt Movimento das vozes, movimento direto, movimento paralelo, movimento oblíquo, quintas paralelas, oitavas paralelas, quinta oculta, quinta de trompa
- Voice types · soprano, mezzo-soprano, contralto, alto, tenor, baritone, bass voice, middle register
Soprano to bass by range and timbre, and the middle register inside each one.
pt Classificação das vozes, soprano, meio-soprano, mezzo-soprano, contralto, tenor, barítono, voz de baixo, registro médio, vozes infantis
